When is it appropriate for an MAA to release test results to a patient's family member?

The correct answer highlights the importance of patient confidentiality and the legal requirements surrounding the release of health information. When a patient provides a signed release of information that specifically identifies a family member, it ensures that the family member has explicit permission to receive the patient's test results. This protects the patient’s rights and privacy under laws like HIPAA, which governs the handling of personal health information.

The signed release confirms that the patient is aware of and consents to the sharing of their medical information with the designated individual. This process not only fosters trust but also upholds ethical standards in medical practice, ensuring that the patient's autonomy and preferences are respected.

In contrast, simply having personally identifiable information from the family member does not suffice for releasing medical test results; it lacks the necessary consent from the patient. Similarly, an informed consent form is generally more about the understanding of medical procedures and treatments rather than the release of information to family members. A release form signed by a family member would also not be appropriate without the patient's consent, as it is crucial that the patient's wishes direct how their health information is managed and shared.